How do the fingers arise? Although it is clear that their development facilities are genetic programs that exist in fish, the exact origin is still the theme of the discussion. Finally, a point is placed in them. And quite unexpected: it turns out that the genes are responsible for the fingers controlled by the formation of Clox.
When 380 million years ago, the fish began to own the land, they set the foundation for the development of a large number of vertebrates. It seems reasonable when in this process, gills have turned into lungs, and the siege becomes limbs – arms and legs. However, scientists have no clear beliefs about this.
Now they have studied not only genes related to the development of fingers themselves, but also areas that do not create the spacious of their expression control and activate – the prescribed landscape. The results of the study were printed in the natural magazine.
By comparing the genome of the mice and fish, the researchers first determined the landscape of the matching. After that, this large DNA was cut in fish with CRISPR/CAS9 genetic scissors, waiting for the abnormalities of the development of the fin. Instead, the expression of the HoxD13A gene related to the gene's cloak, has completely disappeared.
This unexpected result shows that Clocka – the organ in which intestinal, excreted and reproductive systems found in many species – have been reused in vertebrates on the ground to develop their fingers.
The common feature of the cloak and fingers is that they are the last. Sometimes, this is the end of the digestive system, sometimes at the end of the feet and hands, meaning the finger.
3DOM and 5Dom regulating landscapes are considered in the control of the activation of Hox genes called Islamic architects. They develop a body organization plan, determine the location and identity of the segments or organs. They operate at the top of a complex network of thousands of operating genes, control their expressions. Therefore, a mutation in these genes can lead to deep surgical changes, which certainly explains their decisive role in evolution.
The fact that these genes are relevant is another vivid example of the evolution to create a new gene, redoing the old. Instead of building a new regulatory system for fingers, nature has recreated an existing mechanism initially operating in the formation of a cloak, Professor Denis Dyubul from the University of Geneva,
Therefore, not only the operating or encryption genes are developed, but above all the architecture of their rules. Sometimes an entire website can participate with other goals – as in the case of cloak and fingers. More deep research will not focus on where these changes arise in the genome, but exactly how they happen. Understanding this mechanism is necessary to describe the motivation of evolution and explain the path from the ancestors of the far country to the fish and modern people.