The group of international physicists showed that the classical theory of disturbances created by Andrrei Kolmogorov in 1941 could also apply to the flows generated around the bubble. The work has been published in the journal Physics (PRL).
The chaos caused by bubbles found in many systems – from carbonated drinks and industrial mixers to ocean waves. When there are many bubbles, their traces begin to mix liquid into a complex whirlwind. It is still open, even though the miniature of Kolmogorov (K41) describes such a movement.
To get an unclear answer, scientists from Jones Hopkins University and Duke University used 3D methods to watch at the same time behind the bubble and water particles. The controlled bubbles are provided for the vertical column with a width of 11.5 cm and four high -speed cameras recorded what is happening with frequency of 2500 frames per second.
It turned out that in some cases-with the average size of the bubble (3-5 mm) and their moderate density-the small dynamics of water really coincided with the prediction of Kolmogorov: the energy of a large whirlwind is transmitted less until it disappears due to viscosity. For the first time, this was confirmed in the conditions of the bubbles directly in the experiment.
Physicists also propose a formula to describe the speed of disturbance and only depend on two parameters: the size of the bubble and their flow density. It is also suitable for measurements.
The authors emphasized that the Pure Pure Kolmogorovsky waterfall of Muslims in the bubble flow cannot be obtained: the bubble is too big in reality. However, in certain conditions, classical theory works surprisingly good.